Detalles: Inflammation has been described as an initiator event of major diseases with significant impact in terms of public health such as cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, eye diseases, age related diseases and more particularly neurodegenerative diseases, or the occurrence and development of cancers. Among the microcomponents of the diet which can participate in a prevention of inflammation and subsequently to various associated diseases, polyphenols from different origins such as resveratrol, could be good candidates. Indeed, in this presentation, we highlight the potential effect of polyphenol on both interleukins secretion by pro inflammatory lymphocytes Th17 and on the lymphocyte differentiation. In this process, we demonstrate the main role of the NAD dependent deacetylase, Sirtuin 1 and of the nuclear factor STAT3. T lymphocytes that are not only the cells where the STAT3 factor plays an important role, it is also the case of macrophages where this nuclear factor makes it possible to activate the transcription of genes encoding pro inflammatory interleukins such as interleukin 6 and 8. Furthermore, macrophages are also able to produce interleukin 1b from an inflammatory complex namely inflammasome. In this way, polyphenols could reduce interleukin 6 level thus down regulates STAT3 activation in macrophages, leading to the impairment of the running inflammatory amplification loop between macrophages and chondrocytes and subsequently could reduce some inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.